THE AGE OF ELIZABETH

IMPORTANT WRITERS OF THE AGE:

Spencer,JohnDonne,Marlowe,Shakespeare,Jonson,Bacon.

THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
settlement:

• english nation was attaining a stability
• the problem between them and Scotland was settled
• this gave good grounds for the improvement of literature.

expansion:

• they were expanding in geographical area(namma natta pudicha da descentta soldran)
• knowledge poured from east( namma kitta irundu suttada pathi soldran)
• many voyagers wre discovering new lands(america ndra kodumaya pathi soldran)

LITERARY FEATURES OF THE AGE:

1.the new classicism:

( english appadinnu oru lang. greek latin kitta irundu thaan vanthuchu. english karannukku[satyaraj illa] koduma yana vishayamae greek latin padikkaradu thaan. intha period la g&l padikkaradu fashion agiduchu. so torcher thaangama english nnu oru lang valanduthu. ethula irundu???????(no sleep friends)...... greek and latin la irunthu.

this is called neo classicism(padikka mudiyada greek and latinna oppaethi english aakinada descentta oru term koduthirukkanga) NEO CLASSICISM.

2.abundance of output:

(egappatta oora pudichitta du naala avan ezuda neraya vishayam kedachidu.)

• due to expansion knowledge horizons grew
• treatise and pamplets were introduced. they mainly contained abusive lang. yet these became the bridge for the growing great lang thats english.

(avangalayae thittikkara thukku kandupudichadu thaan intha pamplet treatise ellam. athayae evalo azaga literature nnu soldranga parunga........... annga thaan sathiyaraj sorry english karan nikkiran)

3. new romanticism:

• romantic quest was seen......... first and greatest romantic epoch.
• youngsters revolted against the past and new and fresh subjects like romances were dealt with in lit.
• the ardent uth of the period achieved this.

(avanga kalathu pasanga thesai maari ponada puratchi nnu solli nammala parents kooda sanda poda vaikka try pandran..........)

4.the drama:

• drama s the greatest achievement of the age
• there sprung problems in the field of drama because of constant fight between actors( appayum vijay vs ajith, simbu(shalu's fav.) vs. danush irunthi rukkangappa)
• inspite of such difficulty good dramas came up ia great men like Shakes.

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now works of the important people of the age. please try to memorise all. with the inf above and below u can make up for the 20 mark question.

EDMUND SPENCER:

1552 , london, merchant taylor's school , cambridge.

poems:

1. THE SHEPERDS CALENDAR(1579) (table maela kuttiya poo potta calendarla ovvoru masathukkum oru thought pottiruppangalae athu ellathukkum amma intha work thaan)
2. THE RUINS OF TIME
3. THE RUINS OF ROME
4. AMORETTI(avar namma nagu maadri commit aana podu ezuthinaar)
5. EPITHALAMION(avar kalyanathukku avarae ezuthikkittar... nagu try pannu)
6. THE FAERIE QUEENE (the greatest work of him) (when time permits know something on this.

JOHN DONNE(1573-1671):

london, roman catholic , oxford and cambridge( too much ah irukku thaanae... namakku M A kkae oru univ. vae thaangala.......)(no no azakoodathu)

POEMS:

1. OF THE PROGRES OF THE SOULE(1601)(note the spelling...... pavam romba padichi kozambittar pola........ ippadi thaan spell senji irukkar)
2. SONGS AND SONETS(again spelling)
3. A VALEDICTION
4. A HYMN TO GOD THE FATHER.

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare

FRANCIS BACON(1561-1626):
he was mainly an essayist. first and the best essayist.

THE ADVANCEMENTS OF LEARNING(1605)

THE HISTORY OF HENRY VII(1622)

APOPHTHEGMS(1625)

THE NEW ATLANTIS(unfinished)

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some times vedanaya eliz. age oda poetry pathhi ezuthunga nnu keppanga ...... appo historical bg ah ezuthittu poets +avanga works pathi ezuthidalam.

mostly drama pathi kaettpanga appo same his. bg ezuthi shakes patthi ezuthidalam.

so eppadium adjust senji kada vittudalam:)

the age of elizabeth

1. Your discourses containing

• study(oru reading)


• discussion(evan da kandupudichaan....)


• evaluation(sutha waste...)


• & interpretation( koduma paduthra thukkaga ezuthiirukkanda...)

s called lit. criticism.Method by which such(elite!!!) discussions r made and its aim(!!) s termed lit. theory. for eg lets take a part of a poem.......

THE COY MISTRESS

"........Time's wingèd chariot hurrying near;

And yonder all before us lie

Deserts of vast eternity.

Thy beauty shall no more be found,..........."

here lets take 3rd and 4th line........

critic no 1: it means death as the poet is weard of asking the mistress....

critic no 2: o no.... he means old age......... as after certain age he cannot meet her........

critic no 1: no as per extrinsic theory(taking not only the poem but also the age, author's personality his history..........) mine s right

critic no 2: oops as per intrinsic theory(taking the poem alone irrespective of its author and other things) mine s right

one cannot deny these views......... no. of theories=no of interpretations........

thus CRITICISM(interpretations)&THEORY(method) r inseperable.

these kind of discussions r called POETICS in Greek language.

there r several types of criticism 1. THEORETICAL(avangalae oru rule pottu adan padi interpret senjuppanga) (framing rules and interpreting) eg: PLATO , ARISTOTLE

2.PRACTICAL( anda rula pottu kozappa try pannuvanga)(applying rules practically on the given piece of literature)eg: HORACE, LONGINUS.

3.JUDICIAL(nattamai thavasi madri avangalae oru nyayatha solli thappa seri yannu solluvanga)(this applies to the context and form. checks if the pieces given goes acc. to certain accepted norms)eg DRYDEN

4.BIOGRAPHICAL(writer oda backgrounda , backgrounda vachi think senju ethavadu kandupudippanga) (they analyse on the biographical details of the writer and find the inner meaning of the piece)

5.LEGISLATIVE(avangala oru rule erpaduthi atha writer kitta koduthu "oi ithu padi thaan nee ezudanum,illa unna thittiduvaen" appadinnu solldrathu)(its a rule designed for the writer to follow while writing the lit.piece)eg: ALEXANDER POPE

WORDSWORTH&COLERIDGE changed this legislative trend......(hello enakku epppadi thoonudo appadi thaan ezuthuvaen...... nee enna oru rule podrathu..... eyarkaya varanum unnakku ellam enga puriya poguthu)

w&c emphasised the importance of imagination and emotion in lit. which aroses from one's own self, which rules cannot create.

these views r expressed by WORDSWORTH,COLERIDGE,KEATS,SHELLY.(romantic poets).

(add with this point no.4&5 in page 7)

WHO S A CRITIC???????

1. an ideal reader
2. he scrutinises everything
3. his approach is like a scientist r as an umpire(will view without any bias)
4. possess intellectual freedom
5. allows questions and enquiries

SONNET..4+4+4+2

Sonnet 29
XXIX.

When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes(a)
I all alone beweep my outcast state(b)
And trouble deal heaven with my bootless cries,(a)
And look upon myself and curse my fate(b)

Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, (c)
Featured like him, like him with friends possess'd, (d)
Desiring this man's art and that man's scope, (c)
With what I most enjoy contented least; (d)

Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, (e)
Haply I think on thee, and then my state, (f)
Like to the lark at break of day arising (e)
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate; (f)

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings (g)
That then I scorn to change my state with kings. (g)
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4+4+4+2.... first four lines have a rhyme scheme(nothing but ethugai monai)
second third and last two lines have a different rhyme.......... this is sonnet.
this abab cdcd efef gg (4 alphabets point four lines) s called shakespearian rhyme.
this is an important point.

u can understand its meaning just by reading..... u can even take the help of the notes.
try with sonnet 30.


Sonnet 30
XXX.
When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
I summon up remembrance of things past,
I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought,
And with old woes new wail my dear time's waste:

Then can I drown an eye, unused to flow,
For precious friends hid in death's dateless night,
And weep afresh love's long since cancell'd woe,
And moan the expense of many a vanish'd sight:

Then can I grieve at grievances foregone,
And heavily from woe to woe tell o'er
The sad account of fore-bemoaned moan,
Which I new pay as if not paid before.

But if the while I think on thee, dear friend,
All losses are restored and sorrows end.

to know more/all about sonnet visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet
http://www.shakespeares-sonnets.com/sonn01.htm#anchor008

WHAT IS LITERATURE?

a reflection of life+a slice of life+an imaginary realm= literature.

• its social and creative in nature.
• country's cultural heritage in readable form
• conveys *complexity of thoughts*richness of emotion*insight into human character.
• its an exposure in verse form
• makes us understand our history, society,and individual lives
• change in ages can be spotted well with important events
• secondary knowlege of primary information.
• every creative piece takes us to the personality of the writer, his likes and dislikes; we

see the world through the writers eyes....... eg: Shakespeare philosiphised love, Milton loved philosophy........

(elaborate according to marks)